See borwen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "borrow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "borrow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "borrow"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰergʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰergʰ-"
],
[
"borgian",
"borgian#Old_English"
],
[
"*borgōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/borgōn"
],
[
"*burgōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgōną"
],
[
"borwe",
"borwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰergʰ-",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bʰergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *bʰergʰ-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "borgian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English borgian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "borgian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English borgian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*borgōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *borgōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "borwe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "pledge, surety"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, borwe (“pledge, surety”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *bʰergʰ-\nInherited from Old English borgian, from Proto-West Germanic *borgōn, from Proto-Germanic *burgōną; by surface analysis, borwe (“pledge, surety”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "borweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yborwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "borow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borȝin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borough",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "bouerȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "borowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boroo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borro",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boru",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boruwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "borwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "borw"
},
"expansion": "borwen (third-person singular simple present borweth, present participle borwende, borwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle borwed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borw"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 16 15 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To borrow money while depositing a security."
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-fVE8Be7y",
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"deposit",
"deposit"
],
[
"security",
"security"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To borrow money while depositing a security."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Arithmetic",
"orig": "enm:Arithmetic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 9 7 19 20 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 13 8 17 15 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 31 9 8 9 16 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 39 8 7 8 14 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 16 15 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To subtract (especially in calculating a larger subtraction)"
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb--5O8ebj2",
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"arithmetic",
"arithmetic"
],
[
"subtract",
"subtract"
],
[
"calculating",
"calculate#English"
],
[
"larger",
"larger#English"
],
[
"subtraction",
"subtraction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(arithmetic) To subtract (especially in calculating a larger subtraction)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
],
"topics": [
"arithmetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 15 13 8 17 15 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 16 15 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To accept, adopt, or receive (especially temporarily)"
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-T~lnChja",
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"receive",
"receive"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(figuratively) To accept, adopt, or receive (especially temporarily)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 16 15 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To employ or use (especially temporarily)"
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-48Kh8dUN",
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(figuratively) To employ or use (especially temporarily)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 17 9 7 19 20 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 13 8 17 15 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 16 16 15 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To redeem or liberate (from damnation)"
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-CywkLsTz",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"redeem",
"redeem"
],
[
"liberate",
"liberate"
],
[
"damnation",
"damnation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To redeem or liberate (from damnation)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 9 7 19 20 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 13 8 17 15 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 10 75 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 43 57 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To deliver from imprisonment by acting as a guarantor."
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-bTdUesgv",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"imprisonment",
"imprisonment"
],
[
"guarantor",
"guarantor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"(law) To deliver from imprisonment by acting as a guarantor."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 17 9 7 19 20 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 13 8 17 15 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To deliver from captivity."
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-VioRhYES",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"(rare, by extension) To deliver from captivity."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To employ a guarantor or surety."
],
"id": "en-borwen-enm-verb-aXSwx1t5",
"links": [
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"guarantor",
"guarantor"
],
[
"surety",
"surety"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, intransitive) To employ a guarantor or surety."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔriu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔriu̯iː/",
"note": "especially Kent, Southern, South Midland"
}
],
"word": "borwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰergʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Finance",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "borrow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "borrow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "borrow"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰergʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰergʰ-"
],
[
"borgian",
"borgian#Old_English"
],
[
"*borgōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/borgōn"
],
[
"*burgōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgōną"
],
[
"borwe",
"borwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰergʰ-",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bʰergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *bʰergʰ-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "borgian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English borgian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "borgian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English borgian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*borgōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *borgōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "borwe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitive suffix",
"t1": "pledge, surety"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, borwe (“pledge, surety”) + -en (infinitive suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *bʰergʰ-\nInherited from Old English borgian, from Proto-West Germanic *borgōn, from Proto-Germanic *burgōną; by surface analysis, borwe (“pledge, surety”) + -en (infinitive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "borweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "borwynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "borwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yborwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "borow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borȝin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borough",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "borhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "bouerȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "borowyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boroo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borro",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boru",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borewi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boruwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "borwi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "borwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "borw"
},
"expansion": "borwen (third-person singular simple present borweth, present participle borwende, borwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle borwed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borw"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To borrow money while depositing a security."
],
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"money",
"money"
],
[
"deposit",
"deposit"
],
[
"security",
"security"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To borrow money while depositing a security."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"enm:Arithmetic"
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To subtract (especially in calculating a larger subtraction)"
],
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"arithmetic",
"arithmetic"
],
[
"subtract",
"subtract"
],
[
"calculating",
"calculate#English"
],
[
"larger",
"larger#English"
],
[
"subtraction",
"subtraction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(arithmetic) To subtract (especially in calculating a larger subtraction)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
],
"topics": [
"arithmetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To accept, adopt, or receive (especially temporarily)"
],
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"receive",
"receive"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(figuratively) To accept, adopt, or receive (especially temporarily)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To borrow (take temporarily):",
"To employ or use (especially temporarily)"
],
"links": [
[
"borrow",
"borrow"
],
[
"take",
"take#English"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"temporarily",
"temporarily#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To borrow (take temporarily):",
"(figuratively) To employ or use (especially temporarily)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To redeem or liberate (from damnation)"
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"redeem",
"redeem"
],
[
"liberate",
"liberate"
],
[
"damnation",
"damnation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To redeem or liberate (from damnation)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To deliver from imprisonment by acting as a guarantor."
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"imprisonment",
"imprisonment"
],
[
"guarantor",
"guarantor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"(law) To deliver from imprisonment by acting as a guarantor."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"To deliver from captivity."
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
],
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"deliver",
"deliver"
],
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To protect, guarantee, or save:",
"(rare, by extension) To deliver from captivity."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To employ a guarantor or surety."
],
"links": [
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"guarantor",
"guarantor"
],
[
"surety",
"surety"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, intransitive) To employ a guarantor or surety."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔriu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔriu̯iː/",
"note": "especially Kent, Southern, South Midland"
}
],
"word": "borwen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for borwen meaning in Middle English (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.